Vocabulary: Verbs and their prefixes #004

Core verb: IĆI

Following are concise meanings of verbs derived from the verb ići.

They exist in pairs – one continous form (imperfective), and the other finished/non-continuous form (perfective). For each pair, the continuous form is the first one shown.

Except for the core verb ići, their declensions have the following patterns, using dolaziti/doći as a model:
dolaziti: dolazim, dolaziš, dolazi, dolazimo, dolazite, dolaze. Ja sam dolazio/dolazila/ ...
doći: dođem, dođeš, dođe, dođemo, dođete, dođu. Ja sam došao/iš,došla/ ......

ići (imperfective, continuous/repeating) to go , to be going

Conjugation: idem, ideš, ide, idemo, idete, idu. Ja sam išao/išla/........

Oni idu na posao autobusom. They go to work by bus.
Nismo išli na more ove godine.                         We didn't go to the seaside this year.
Sutra će ići tata kod liječnika.                            Dad will go to the doctor's tomorrow.
Moram ići. Onda idemo! I have to go. Then let's go!
Idem spavati. I'm going to sleep.
Kako ide?   Stvari ne idu baš najbolje. How's it going? Things are not going well.

dolaziti/doči                to come, to arrive

dolaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Dolazim! I'm coming!
Vlak upravo dolazi.                                          The train is arriving right now.
Dolazi nam zima.                                             Winter is coming.
On uvijek dolazi kasno.                                     He always comes late.
Dolazit ću češće kad imam vremena. I will come more often when I have time.

doći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Dođi k meni.                                                     Come to me. Come to my place.
Kad ćeš doći?                                                  When will you come?
Došla sam kući u pet.                                       I arrived home at five (o'clock).
Nitko nije došao.                                              Nobody came.
Doći ću čim završim. I'll come as soon as I finish.
Došlo vrijeme za odluku. The time has come for a decision.

Derived words
dolazak (m. noun): arrival. eg, Njegov dolazak nas je razveselio.
dolaznik/-ica (noun): person who arrives, newcomer. eg, Dolaznici moraju ispuniti obrazac.
nadolazak (m. noun): the coming/approach (of smthg.) eg, Zbog nadolaska oluje zatvorili su cestu.
dolazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): incoming. eg, Dolazni pozivi se snimaju.

odlaziti/otići to leave, to go away, to go off, to depart

odlaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Svaki dan odlazim na posao u sedam. Every day I leave for work at seven o'clock.
Zašto već odlaziš?                                           Why are you already leaving?
Vlak odlazi u šest sati. The train departs at six o'clock.
Bol polako odlazi.                                            The pain is slowly going away.
Odlazi u mirovinu.                                            He is going into retirement.
Previše novca odlazi na račune. Too much money goes on bills.
Odlazit ću ranije tijekom zime. I will leave earlier during winter.
Ptice su počeli odlaziti prije tri tjedna. The birds started leaving three weeks ago.

otići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Kada ćeš otići?                                                When will you leave?
Otišla je rano. She left early.
Otiđi odavde!                                                   Go away from here!
Vrijeme je da otiđem. It's time for me to leave.
Otići ću čim završim.                                        I’ll leave as soon as I finish.

Derived words
odlazak (m. noun): departure. eg, Vrijeme odlaska je u 7 sati.
odlaznik/-ica (noun): departing person. eg, Odlaznici moraju vratiti kartice.
odlazni/-a/-/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): departing, outgoing. eg, Odlazni let kasni.

polaziti/poći to set off, to head off, to start going

polaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Svaki dan polazim na posao u sedam.              I set off for work every day at seven.
Zašto već polaziš? Why are you already leaving/setting off?
Utorkom, vlak polazi u osam sati.                      On Tuesdays, the train leaves/sets off at 8 o'clock.
Lani, često sam rano polazio s posla.                Last year, I often was setting off from work early.
Brod polazi iz Splita u devet.                             The ship departs (daily) from Split at nine.

poći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Vrijeme je da pođemo.                                      It’s time for us to set off.
Kad ćeš poći? When will you set off? When will you head off?
Poći ću za deset minuta.                                   I will seet off in ten minutes.
Oni su pošli na put u zoru.                                They headed off on the trip at dawn.
Pođimo! Let's go!

Derived words
polazak (m. noun): departure, setting off. eg, Polazak vlaka je u 7:30.
polazište (n. noun): starting point, place of departure. eg, Kolodvor je polazište putovanja.
polaznik/-ica (noun): participant, attendee (eg, course, conference): eg, Polaznici tečaja dobili su certifikate.
polazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): starting. eg, Polazna cijena je previsoka.

izlaziti/izaći or izići (interchangeable perfective forms)

to exit, to come out of, to go out (socially), to emerge from a situation

izlaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Djeca izlaze iz škole u dva sata.   The children leave school (daily) at two o’clock.
Petkom navečer izlazimo u grad. On Friday evenings we go out into town.
Kamion izlazi iz tunela.                                     The truck is coming out of the tunnel.
Ljudi su cijelo vrijeme izlazili i ulazili. People were going out and coming in all the time.
Istina polako izlazi na vidjelo. The truth is slowly coming to light.
Koliko ti to izlazi mjesečno? How much does that (price) come to per month?

izaći = izići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Izašla sam iz kuće u devet. I went out of the house at 9 o'clock.
Ako je gotovo, možemo izaći.                           If it is done, we can go out.
Ne možemo izaći večeras.                               We can't go out tonight.
Izađi van! Go outside. Get out.
Nova knjiga je izašla prošli tjedan. The new book came out last week.
Izašao je iz teške situacije. He got/came out of a difficult situation.
Kako je ispit izašao? How did the exam turn out?

Derived words
izlazak (m. noun): exit (of people), going out. eg, Izlazak ljudi sa stadiona je bio uređen.
izlaz (m. noun): exit, way out (physical opening). eg, Gdje je izlaz prema centru?
izlaznica (f. noun): exit ticket, pass-out. eg, Trebam izlaznicu kako bih se mogao vratiti.
izlaznost (f. noun): turnout, participation rate. eg, Izlaznost na izborima bila je niska.
izlaznik/-ica (noun): person leaving. eg, Izlaznici se moraju prijaviti na prijam.
izlazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): outgoing, ext. eg, Izlazna vrata su s desne strane.

ulaziti/ući to enter, to go in, to come in

izlaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Ljudi ulaze sada u kazalište.                             The people are now entering the theatre.
Ulazimo u autobus. We are getting on the bus.
Autobus ulazi u tunel.                                       The bus is entering the tunnel.
Djeca su ulazila u učionicu jedna za drugim. The children were entering the classroom one by one.
Ulazimo u teško razdoblje. We are coming into a difficult period.

izaći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Uđite, molim! Please come in!
Ljudi su ušli u kazalište.                                    The people entered the theatre.
Autobus je ušao u tunel.                                   The bus entered the tunnel.
Vrijeme je da uđemo.                                        It's time for us to go in.
Ušao je u klub s prijateljima. He entered the club with friends.
Ući ću za trenutak. I will go in in a moment/minute.
Nije htio ući. He didn't want to go in.

Derived words
ulazak (m. noun): act of entering, entry. eg, Ulazak u zgradu je zabranjen.
ulaz (m. noun): entrance, doorway, gateway. eg, Ulaz u garažu je na drugoj strani.
ulaznica (f. noun): entrance ticket. eg, Ulaznica za muzej košta 10 eura. Bez ulaznice ne možeš ući.
ulaznik/-ica (noun): person entering. eg, Ulaznici se moraju prijaviti prije ulaska.
ulazni//-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): entrance, incoming. eg, Ulazna vrata su s lijeve strane.

prolaziti/proći to pass by, to go by, to go through, to get over/overcome a problem

prolaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Vlak prolazi kroz tunel.   The train is passing through the tunnel.
On svaki dan prolazi kraj naše kuće.                 He passes by our house every day.
Stalno automobili prolaze. Cars are always passing by.
Bol prolazi sporo. The pain is slowly passing.
Vrijeme brzo prolazi. Time passes quickly.
Prolazimo kroz težak period. We are going through a difficult period.

proći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Prođite dalje, molim vas!                                  Move along please! Pass through.
Kada će bol proći?                                           When will the pain pass?
Mnogo vremena je prošlo otkad ....... A lot of time has passed since .......
Prošli smo pored crkve.                                    We passed by the church.
Proći ćemo uskoro kroz tunel. We will pass through the tunnel soon.

Derived words
prolaz (m. noun): passage, passageway, way through. eg, Našli smo prolaz kroz šumu.
prolazak (m. noun): act of passing through. eg, Prolazak kroz tunel traje pet minuta.
prolaznost (f. noun): transience. eg, Razgovarali su o prolaznosti vremena.
prolaznik/-ica (noun): passer by. eg, Prolaznici su se zaustavili i gledali.
prolazan/-na/-no/-ni/-ne/-na (adj.): transient, passing, temporary. eg, To je samo prolazna faza.

silaziti/sići to go/get down, to come down, to descend from

silaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Silazim stepenicama. I'm going down via the steps.
On silazi u podrum kad nešto treba. He goes down to the basement when something is needed.
Silazimo polako. Klizavo je. We are going down slowly. It's slippery.
Napetost silazi. The tension is going down.
Kad smo šetali, sunce je polako silazilo. While we were walking, the sun was slowly going down.

sići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Siđi dolje! Come down!
Sišao sam stepenicama. I went down via the stairs.
Možemo sići sada. We can go down now.
Sišao sam s tramvaja. I got off (alighted from) the tram.
Vrijeme je da siđemo. It's time for us to go down.
Sići ćemo s planine prije mraka. We'll come down from the mountain before dark.
Temperatura je sišla ispod nule. The temperature went down below zero.

Derived words
silazak (m. noun): action of descent, going down. eg, Silazak niz planinu bio je opasan.
silazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): descending downward. eg, Silazni put je zatvoren.

uzlaziti/uzači or uzići (equivalent perfective forms)

to go up, to ascend

uzlaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Svaki dan uzlazim stepenicama umjesto liftom. Every day I go up the stairs instead of the elevator.
Ljudi uvijek uzlaze ovim stepenicama. People are always going up these stairs.
Dim uzlazi u zrak. The smoke is rising into the air.
Temperatura polako uzlazi. The temperature is slowly rising.
Cijene stalno uzlaze. Prices keep rising.

uzaći = uzići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Uzđi gore! Go up!
Uzašao sam uz stepenice. I went up the stairs.
Uzašli su na sedmi kat. They went up to the seventh floor.
Vrijeme je da uzađemo na pozornicu. It's tme for us to go up onto the stage.
Uzaći ću za trenutak. I'll go up in a moment.
Mali klub je uzašao u prvu ligu. The small club rose to the first league.

Derived words
uzlaz (m. noun): ascent, upward movement. eg, Na uzlasku smo stali odmoriti se.
uzlaznost (f. noun): action of going up. eg, Tvrtka pokazuje uzlaznost u prodaji.
uzlazan/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): rising, ascending. eg, Njegova karijera je u uzlaznoj fazi.
ulazno (adv.): upwardly. eg, Temperatura se kreće uzlazno.

prelaziti/preći or prijeći (alternative perfective forms)

to go across, to go over (street, river, space)
to go from one activity to another
to exeed/surpass.
synonyms: pretjecati/preteći

prelaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Prelazimo most.                                               We are crossing the bridge.
Zašto prelaziš ulicu ovdje?                               Why are you crossing the street here?
Djeca prelaze preko zebre.                               The children are crossing (the road) on the crosswalk.
Prelazili su u drugu sobu.                                 They were moving into the other room.
Tvrtka prelazi u novu fazu razvoja.                    The company is entering a new phase of development.
Igrač prelazi u novi klub.                                   The player is crossing over/transferring to a new club.
Bolest prelazi s čovjeka na čovjeka.                  The disease is transfers from person to person.

preći = prijeći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Oni su prešla granicu.                                       They crossed the border.
Prešli smo u drugu sobu.                                  We moved into the other room.
Prijeđite na novu stranicu.                                Turn over/move on to the next page.
Priješli su na novu razinu.                                 They have gone to a new level.
Igrač je prešao u novi klub.                               The player transferred to a new club.
Moramo prijeći most.                                        We need to cross over the bridge.
Prešao je dozvoljenu brzinu.                             He exceeded (went over) the speed limit.

Derived words
prijelaz, prijelaz (m. noun): crossing, transition. eg, Prijelaz preko rijeke je zatvoren.
prijelazak, prelazak (m. noun): act of crossing . eg, Njegov prijelazak u drugi klub iznenadio je sve.
prijelazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj): transititional. eg, Ovo je prijelazno razdoblje.

obilaziti/obići to go around, to bypass, to circle
to tour around by visiting a number of places.

obilaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Moramo obilaziti radove na cesti.                      We have to go around (bypass) the roadworks.
Automobili su obilazili prepreku cijeli dan. Every day tourists go around the city.
On obilazi prijatelje vikendom.                           He visits his friends on weekends.
Liječnik obilazi pacijente. The doctor is making his rounds (visiting patients).
Vijest obilazi cijeli internet. The news is spreading (going around) the internet.
On obilazi taj problem. He is avoiding that problem.

obići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Automobil je obišao prepreku.   The car went around the obstacle.
Obišla sam cijeli grad danas. I went around the whole city today
Ovdje ću parkirati a me nitko ne može obići.      I'll park here so that no one can go around me.
Obiđi ovo mjesto! Go around this place! Check this place out!
Moramo obići nekoliko trgovina. We need to visit (go around to) several shops.
Obišli smo prijatelje za Božić. We went around visiting friends for Christmas.
Liječnik je obišao sve pacijente. The doctor visited all the patients.
Pokušao je obići pravila. He tried to bypass (get around) the rules.

Derived words
obilazak (m. noun): tour, bypass, round of visits. eg, Obilazak grada trajao je tri sata.
obilaznica (f. noun): bypass, ring road. eg, Idemo obilaznicom da izbjegnemo gužvu.
obilazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): bypass, circumferential. eg, Obilazna cesta je zatvorena.

mimoilaziti/mimoići to pass by (smthg.), to avoid, to evade

mimoilaziti se/mimoići se to pass by/cross paths (with another),
to bypass, to miss each other.

mimoilaziti (se) (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Ljudi mimoilaze pokvareni auto. People are going past (bypassing) the broken-down car.
On uvijek mimoilazi problem. He always avoids (bypasses the problem.
Ne mimoilazi pitanje! Odgovori jasno. Don’t evade the question! Answer clearly.
Čini mi se da se stalno mimilazimo. It seems that we are constantly missing each other.
Automobili se jedva mimoilaze na ovoj uskoj cesti. Cars can barely pass each other on this narrow road.
Mi se stalno mimoilazimo. We keep missing each other.

mimoići (se) (perfective, finished/once-off)
Automobil je mimoišao pješaka. The car passed by the pedestrian.
Lukavo je mimoišao problem. He cleverly avoided the problem.
Njegov odgovor je mimoišao pitanje. His answer missed the question/the point.
Prilika ju je mimoišla. The opportunity passed her by.
Nažalost, mimoišli smo se jučer. Unfortunately, we missed each other yesterday.
Mimoišli smo se u gradu, ali se nismo ni vidjeli. We passed by each other in the city, but we didn't see each other.
Dva automobila su se jedva mimoišla na uskoj cesti. Two cars barely passed each other on the narrow road.

Derived words
mimoilaženje (n. noun):act of passing by, missing each other. eg, Njihovo stalno mimoilaženje postalo je problem.

zalaziti/zaći to go behind (corner, object), to go to out-of-the-way locations.
to disappear from view, to set (of Sun)

zalaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Rado zalazi u stare knjižnice.                He likes to go into old libraries.
Više ne zalazi u stari kvart. He no longer goes to the old neighborhood.
Sunce uvijek zalazi na zapadu.             The sun always sets in the west.
Brod zalazi iza otoka. The ship is going behind the island.
Zalazimo u opasne spekulacije.            We’re getting into dangerous speculation.

zaći (perfective, finished/once-off)
Zašao je u mračnu uličicu. He went into a dark alley.
Zašao je na krivi put.                            He went astray (down the wrong path).
Već je sunce zašlo.                              The sun has already set.
Zađite iza kuće! Go behind the house!
Zašao je u tuđu privatnost.                   He intruded into someone else’s privacy.

Derived words
zalazak (m. noun): setting (sun), going down/into. eg, Gledali smo zalazak sunca.
zalaženje (n. noun): action of going into, intruding. eg, Zalaženje u detalje oduzima previše vremena.

nailaziti/naići to come across, to encounter (by chance) , to stumble upon
to come into view, to appear

nailaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Često nailazim na zanimljive ljude.                    I often come across interesting people.
Stalno nailazim na isti problem.                         I keep running into the same problem.
Pred nama nailazi vlak. A train is coming into view/approaching us
Nove ideje povremeno nailaze. New ideas appear from time to time.

naići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Jučer sam naišao na starog prijatelja. Yesterday I ran into/came upon an old friend.
Jučer sam naišao na isti problem.                     Yesterday I ran into the same problem.
Ako skreneš tamo, naići ćeš na trg.                   If you turn there, you'll come to/upon the square.
Policija je naišla na ukradeni automobil.            The police came across a stolen car.
Naišao sam na zanimljivu knjigu. I stumbled upon and interesting book.
Pitam se što ćemo naići na putu. I wonder what we will encounter along the way.

Derived words
nailazak (m. noun): encounter, approach, appearance. eg, Nailazak oluje bio je iznenadan.

prilaziti/prići to approach, to come closer to (person,object, place)

priilaziti (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Polako prilazim kući. I am slowly approaching the house.
Ljudi mu često prilaze po savjet.                       People often approach him for advice.
Prilazimo sporazumu.                                       We are approaching an agreement.
Dok smo čekali, ljudi su stalno nam prilazili. While we were waiting, people were constantly coming up to us.

prići (perfective, finished/once-off)
Prišao sam kući. I approached/came up to the house.
Priđi mu pažljivo! Approach him carefully!
Prišao sam joj i pozdravio je.                            I went up to her and greeted her.
Nitko mu se nije usudio prići.                            No one dared to approach him.
Prišli smo rubu litice. We went closer to the edge of the cliff.
Prišao sam rješenju problema. I came closer to a solution to the problem.

Derived words
prilaz (m. noun): access way, driveway. eg, Zgrada ima dva prilaza.
prilaženje (n. noun): act of approaching. eg, Prilaženje nepoznatim ljudima može biti neugodno.
prilazni/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a (adj.): access, approach. eg, Prilazna cesta je zatvorena.

razilaziti se/razići se to disperse, to drift apart, to go different ways

razilaziti se (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Ljudi se polako razilaze. The people are slowly dispersing.
Djeca su se razilazila kućama.                          The children were going home in different directions.
Prijatelji se ponekad razilaze.                            Sometimes friends drift apart.
Njihovi stavovi se potpuno razilaze.                  Their views completely diverge.

razići se (perfective, finished/once-off)
Raziđite se! Disperse! Split up!
Razišli smo se nakon sastanka. We dispersed after the meeting.
Djeca su se razišla kućama.                             The children went home in different directions.
Oni su se razišli. They broke up/separated.
Mišljenje su se razišla. Opinions diverged.

Derived words
razilazak (m. noun): dispersal, divergence. eg, Njihov razilazak nije bio prijateljski.

prestizati/prestići or prestignuti (equivalent forms of the perfective)

to overtake, to catch up and pass, (running, swimming, driving)
to excel, to outmatch, to surpass (success or achievement)

prestizati (imperfective, continuous/repeating)
Automobili prestižu kamione na autocesti.         Cars are overtaking trucks on the highway.
On uvijek prestiže druge vozače. He always overtakes other drivers.
Mladi igrači prestižu stare rekorde.                    Young players are surpassing old records.
Djeca ga već prestižu po visini. The children are already overtaking him in height.
Vrijeme ga prestiže. Time is catching up with him.

prestići or prestignuti (perfective, finished/once-off)
Automobil je prestigao kamion.                         The car overtook the truck.
Prestigni ga pažljivo! Overtake him carefully!
Hoćeš li ga prestići? Will you overtake him?
Prestigao je sve svoje vršnjake.                        He surpassed his peers.
Prihodi su prestigli očekivanja.                          Revenues exceeded expectations.
Tehnologija je prestigla zakon.                          Technology has outpaced the law.

Derived words
prestizanje (n. noun): act of overtaking/surpassing. eg, Prestizanje na punoj crti je zabranjeno.